全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17008篇 |
免费 | 1289篇 |
国内免费 | 1147篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 12358篇 |
晶体学 | 693篇 |
力学 | 851篇 |
综合类 | 47篇 |
数学 | 504篇 |
物理学 | 4991篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 139篇 |
2022年 | 149篇 |
2021年 | 186篇 |
2020年 | 273篇 |
2019年 | 328篇 |
2018年 | 279篇 |
2017年 | 300篇 |
2016年 | 530篇 |
2015年 | 465篇 |
2014年 | 606篇 |
2013年 | 1094篇 |
2012年 | 1890篇 |
2011年 | 991篇 |
2010年 | 853篇 |
2009年 | 1083篇 |
2008年 | 1284篇 |
2007年 | 1463篇 |
2006年 | 1074篇 |
2005年 | 889篇 |
2004年 | 933篇 |
2003年 | 755篇 |
2002年 | 476篇 |
2001年 | 379篇 |
2000年 | 317篇 |
1999年 | 265篇 |
1998年 | 316篇 |
1997年 | 234篇 |
1996年 | 248篇 |
1995年 | 219篇 |
1994年 | 236篇 |
1993年 | 193篇 |
1992年 | 151篇 |
1991年 | 137篇 |
1990年 | 87篇 |
1989年 | 99篇 |
1988年 | 84篇 |
1987年 | 57篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 48篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
12.
S. Akbari M. Dalirrooyfard K. Ehsani K. Ozeki R. Sherkati 《Journal of Graph Theory》2020,93(4):483-502
Let be a graph and be a mapping. The graph is said to be - avoiding if there exists an orientation of such that for every , where denotes the out-degree of in the directed graph with respect to . In this paper it is shown that if is bipartite and for every , then is -avoiding. The bound is best possible. For every graph , we conjecture that if for every , then is -avoiding. We also argue about this conjecture for the best possibility of the conditions and also show some partial solutions. 相似文献
13.
Nutan Shukla Baljinder Singh Ho-Joong Kim Myoung-Hwan Park Kibeom Kim 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2020,37(8):2000099
Multimodal approaches combined with various nanomaterials and advanced techniques have been developed for synergistic cancer treatment. Among various therapies, conventional chemotherapy (CHT) is a direct cancer treatment that can produce unintended side effects due to nonspecific action on both the tumor and normal cells; patient-friendly photothermal therapy (PTT) may be able to treat embedded tumors in vital regions with minimal invasion but does not guarantee complete removal of cancers. However, the combination of CHT-PTT may provide a promising tool for direct cancer treatment with minimal side effects. In this regard, nanostructured materials, such as gold nanorods with tuned size and surface characteristics, are key components designed to enhance the heating capacity and active or passive delivery of drugs to the tumor site. In this review, the pioneering work synergizing CHT and PTT is summarized, and the current state-of-the-art in the development of inorganic and organic nanocomposites for combinational therapy is described. 相似文献
14.
This study extends the investigation of quantum dissipative effects of a cosmological scalar field by taking into account cosmic expansion and contraction.Cheung,Drewes,Kang,and Kim calculated the effective action and quantum dissipative effects of a cosmological scalar field in a recent work,where analytical expressions for the effective potential and damping coefficient were presented using a simple scalar model with quartic interactions,and the work was conducted using Minkowski-space propagators in loop diagrams.In this work,we incorporate the Hubble expansion and contraction of the cosmic background and focus on the thermal dynamics of a scalar field in a regime where the effective potential changes slowly.Given that the Hubble parameter,H,attains a small but non-zero value,we carry out calculations to the first order in H.If we set H=0,all results match those in flat spacetime.Interestingly,we must integrate over the resonances,which in turn leads to an amplification of the effects of a non-zero H.This is an intriguing phenomenon,which cannot be uncovered in flat spacetime.The implications on particle creations in the early universe will be studied in a forthcoming study. 相似文献
15.
16.
蓝宝石的冲击消光现象是高压领域中的研究热点.低压段(86 GPa范围内)的实验研究表明蓝宝石的冲击消光与晶向相关,但在高压段(压力范围:131255 GPa)是否也具有晶向相关性目前尚不清楚.为此,利用第一性原理方法,分别计算了八个不同晶向的蓝宝石理想晶体和含氧离子空位缺陷晶体在高压段的光吸收性质,结果发现:1)蓝宝石在高压段的冲击消光表现出明显的晶向效应,且该效应还随压力增大而增强;一步的数据分析可以看出,在冲击实验采用的波段内,a晶向的消光最弱(透明性最好),c晶向的消光最强与c晶向的消光接近,g晶向的消光要弱于s晶向的消光.鉴于此,如果在高压段开展加窗冲击波实验,建议选择a晶向或m晶向的蓝宝石作为其光学窗口.本文结果不仅有助于深入地认识蓝宝石在极端条件下的光学性质,而且对未来的实验研究有重要的参考作用. 相似文献
17.
Alexander V. Semakov Valery G. Kulichikhin Aleksei K. Tereshin Sergei V. Antonov Alexander Ya. Malkin 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(8):559-565
Experiments with stretching moderately concentrated polymer solutions have been carried out. Model experiments were carried out for poly(acrylonitrile) solutions in dimethyl siloxane. Just the choice of concentrated solutions allowed for a clear demonstration of a demixing effect with the formation of two separate phases—an oriented polymer fiber and solvent drops sitting on its surface. An original experimental device for following all subsequent stages in the demixing process was built. It combined two light beams, one transverse to the fiber and a second directed along (inside) the fiber, the latter played the role of an optical line. This gives a unique opportunity to observe processes occurring inside a fiber. The process of demixing starts from the volume phase separation across the whole cross section of a fiber at some critical deformation and the propagation of the front of demixing along the fiber. Then a solvent cylindrical skin appears which transforms into a system of separate droplets. New experimental data are discussed based on a comparison of the current different points of view on the phenomenon of deformation‐induced phase separation: thermodynamic shift of the equilibrium phase transition temperature, growth of stress‐induced concentration fluctuations in two‐component fluids, and mechanically pressing a solvent out from a polymer network. The general belief is that a rather specific (so‐called “beads‐on‐a‐string”) structure of a filament is realized in stretching dilute solutions: beads of a polymer solution connected by oriented polymer bridges forming a single object. The situation in stretching moderately concentrated solutions appears quite different: real phase separation was observed. So, the alternative phenomenon to the formation of the “beads‐on‐a‐string” structure has been experimentally proven. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 559–565 相似文献
18.
The bond ionicity in seventy two ANB8−N compounds is investigated according to the recently introduced first-principles ionicity scale, based on the centers of the maximally localized Wannier functions, which has several interesting features. The obtained bond ionicities (qi) are found to exhibit the expected trends, according to electronegativity arguments. In particular, the bond ionicity in the alkaline-earth oxides increases by going from MgO to BaO. A strong crystal structure dependence of qi is observed. A critical value of qi (of 0.91) that separates between the tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated systems is inferred directly from the calculated values of qi. The volume dependence of qi is investigated for all the considered compounds and found to reduce by volume decrease for most of the studied systems. The adopted ionicity scale is established as a very strong competitor to the most widely accepted Phillips and Pauling ionicity measures. 相似文献
19.
Solvent‐Dependent Structure of the I3− Ion Derived from Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Naresh K. Jena Ida Josefsson Dr. Susanna K. Eriksson Prof. Anders Hagfeldt Prof. Hans Siegbahn Prof. Olle Björneholm Prof. Håkan Rensmo Dr. Michael Odelius 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(10):4049-4055
Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the solvation of LiI3 in four different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile) are employed to investigate the molecular and electronic structure of the I3? ion in relation to X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Simulations show that hydrogen‐bond rearrangement in the solvation shell is coupled to intramolecular bond‐length asymmetry in the I3? ion. By a combination of charge analysis and I 4 d core‐level XPS measurements, the mechanism of the solvent‐induced distortions has been studied, and it has been concluded that charge localization mediates intermolecular interactions and intramolecular distortion. The approach involving a synergistic combination of theory and experiment probes the solvent‐dependent structure of the I3? ion, and the geometric structure has been correlated with the electronic structure. 相似文献
20.
The dependence of the EPR g-factors on the local structural parameter for a 4f11 configuration ion Er3+ in a trigonal crystal-field has been studied by diagonalizing the 364×364 complete energy matrices. Our studies indicate that the EPR spectra of the trigonal Er3+–VK centers in KMgF3 and KZnF3 may be attributed to the translation of the cubic Kramers doublet Γ7. Furthermore, the EPR g-factors of the trigonal Er3+–VK centers may be interpreted reasonably by the shifts ΔZ≈0.340 Å and ΔZ≈0.303 Å of the Er3+ ions toward the charge compensator VK along the C3 axis for the KMgF3:Er3+ and the KZnF3:Er3+ systems respectively. 相似文献